Radial steam engine with water release mechanism



July 4, 1950 c. c. WILLIAMS 2,513,982

RADIAL STEAM ENGINE WITH WATER RELEASE MECHANISM Filed Oct. 1, 1946 ll Shets-Sheet 1 \g$ gwuq/wfb'v Gail 17a C. Williailzs ly 4, 1950 c. c. WILLIAMS 2,513,982

' RADIAL STEAM ENGINE WITH WATER RELEASE MECHANISM Filed Oct. 1, 1946 v 11 Sheets-Sheet 2 July 4, 1950 c. c. WILLIAMS 2,513,982

RADIAL STEAM ENGINE WITH WATER RELEASE MECHANISM Filed 001;. 1, 1946 11 Sheets-Sheet 3 y 4, 1950 c c. WILLIAMS 2,513,982

RADIAL STEAM ENGINE WITH WATER RELEASE MECHANISM Filed 001:. l, 1946 l1 Sheets-Sheet 4 c. c. WILLIAMS 2,513,982 RADIAL smm ENGINE WITH WATER RELEASE MECHANISM July 4, 1950 ll Sheets-Sheet 5 Filed 001;. l, 1946 J y 1950 c. c. WILLIAMS 2,513,982

RADIAL STEAM ENGINE WITH WATER RELEASE MECHANISM Filed Oct. 1, 1946 11 Sheets-Sheet 6 IN VEN TOR.

BYZW

July 4, 1950 c. c. WILLIAMS 2,513,982

RADIAL. STEAM ENGINE WITH WATER RELEASE MECHANISM Filed 001;. l, 1946 ll Sheets-Sheet 7 INVENTOR. (211m); C. Williams c. c. WILLIAMS 2,513,982

RADIAL STEAM ENGINE WITH WATER RELEASE MECHANISM July 4, 1950 ll Sheets-Sheet 8 Filed 001:. l, 1946 IN V EN TOR.

Jilly 4, 1950 c. c. WILLIAMS 2,513,982

RADIAL STEAM ENGINE wm: WATER RELEASE MECHANISM Filed Oct. 1, 1946 11 Sheets-Sheet 9 mm M C. C. WILLIAMS July 4, 1950 11 Sheets-Sheet 10 Filed 001:. l, 1946 July 4, 1950 c. c. WILLIAMS 2,513,982

RADIAL STEAM ENGINE WITH WATER RELEASE MECHANI Filed Oct. 1, 1946 11 Sheets-Sheet 11 NELITFEAL parts.

Patented July 4, 1950 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

RADIAL. STEAM. ENGINE -WITH WATER RELEASE MECHANISM.

CalvinC. Williams, Philadelphia, Pa.

Application .Qctober 1, 1946, SeriaLNo. 700,503

13 Claims.

This invention relates toan improved radial steam engine of the. high-speed type.

Heretofore, steam. engines: of this type have been heavy, in so far as. :I am aware, in proportion to the horse power available,andhavelacked flexibility-of-control. Moreover, units of the-type heretofore have been wasteful of feed steam, and have therefore not beeneconomical, due, among other reasons, to. eumbersomecut-off mechanism and consequently, a, laclcoi ease and flexibility in the. adjustment thereof. Furthermore, units of the. kind heretofore have seemingly followed,

more or less, the conceptionsoistationary steam engines or even locomotives for inspiration regaming a reverse. mechanism, with dismal. practical results as to weight and flexibility of adjustment, while. a Water release for the. efig ine cylinders has usually been embodied. in a more or less crude mechanism. involving pet cocks, as

also. provide means-for reversing the engine, and

may, if so: desired, because of a. cut-off range from near zero to the maximum lateness provided,.further be employed as a throttle capableof. causing the engine to stop, wherein a water release mechanism. will be provided which, like. the cut-off mechanism, may at any time be easily and quick- 1y adjusted by hand, and wherein the actuation of the water release valves employed will be synchronized with the rotation of. the. crank shaftso that in addition to its function as a water. release mechanism, said mechanism may at any time be, manually rendered operative 'f or relieving bael:

pressure in the, engine cylinders and thereby increasingthe torque effort of the engine, -.th.us: to embody a unit peculiarly suitable for buses, trucks, motorboats-or the like. wherein flexibility 0t power. .either :forward or backward, is. impera.-

tive.

The invention has-other objectsv regarding certain structural features and arrangement of However, in the foregoing, I have. stated only the broad objectives or thei-nvention, and although in some respects lesser objects are important-still, for. the'sake otclarity, Ihave pur- P059166 notgone into detail, but will endeavor to i 2. clarify them during the following descriptionof the invention. I'therefore, do not wish tube-limited in this. respect.

In the drawings:

Figure 1 is a longitudinal sectional; view through my improved engine.

Figure 2 ha, front elevation, thegcover plate of thegear housing being removed.

Figure 3 is a diagrammaticrear elevation.

Figure 4 is an enlarged vertical section on the line 4-4 of Figure 2;

Figure 5 is an enlarged horizontal sectionon the line 5-5. of Figure 1 and particularly showing the feed steam and. water release valves .and associated parts.

Figure 6 isavertical section on theline-fi- 6 of Figure 5.

Figure '7 is a detail. perspective. view of the. feed steam rocker.

2 Figure 8- is; a detail perspective view of the Figure 15 is a perspective view of the variable cut-01f gears with the cradle omitted.

Figure 1615 a vertical section through the. cutoff gear assembly on the line l.6l.6 of Figures 1 and 2.

Figure 17. is a horizontal. section on the line lil'l of Figure 16.

Figure 18 is a horizontal section. on the line I8- l'8 of Figure 16.

Figure 19 is a vertical sectiorion thaline ltd-t9 of Figure 16.

Figure 20 is a detail elevation of the-annular plunger support and showing saidsupport mnemtral position.

Figure 21 is. a view similar to Figure 2.0 but showing the plunger support. in forward posiion.

Fig-ure 22 is a-detail section on the line-.zz-nfl of Figure 20.

Figure23 is-a. section on the. line 2-.3.e23 -.ot Figure 20-.

Figures 2.4,. 25, and :26I:are diagrammatic views.

Theinvention is shown as embodied in. anew in said pipe.

bottom of the casing is an exhaust outlet I3.

At the forward end of the casing is an end'plate l4, while at the rear end of the casing is an end plate I5, and journaled through'said plates is a crank shaft I6 mounted byfbearings II.

The shaft |6 is provided with a crosshead .|8.

balanced by counterweights I9, and co'acting with the crosshead are pistons 23 connected in pairs by links 2 ll All of this structure is similar to thatshown in Patent No. 2,312,057 granted to me February 23, 1943, and operates in similar 4 with a seat at the junction of the chamber 23 and pocket 24 is a steam valve 40 having a stem 4| extending axially of the socket 26. As will be seen, the valve is thus adapted to cut off flow of feed steam from the chamber 23 through the passage 25 to the cylinder to which the head is attached. Slidable upon the head to coact with aseatat the junction of the chamber 21 and """water through the passages 29 and 36 as W ll manner, thus rendering explanation herein unnecessary.

Closing the cylinders at their outerends are heads 22.' The heads as well as the parts carried thereby are identical, and description in connection with a single head will therefore "suffice for all.

In connection with the heads 22, referenceis made particularly to Figures 3, 5, 6, 9, 10, 11 and 12 of the drawings. Formed in each of the heads from one side of the periphery thereof is a feed steam chamber 23, at the inner end of which is a pocket 24, and leading obliquely downward from said pocket is a passage the lower end of which is disposed eccentrically of the head and thus eccentricall of the cylinder to which the head is attached. Feed steam entering through the passage into the cylinder will accordingly becaused to swirl within the cylinder and become more or less evenly distributed therein. Aligning with the chamber 23 and pocket'24, is a socket 26 formed in the head from the side thereof opposite said chamber. Arranged parallel to the chamber 23 is a water outlet chamber 2! at the inner end of which is 'a pocket 28. Entering vertically through the head into said chamber is a passage 29, and

leading from said pocket isa water outlet passage 30. Thus, water ofcondensation in the cylinder to which thehead is attached may rise through the passage 23 and flow out through the passage 3|]. Aligning with the chamber 21 and pocket 28 is a socket 3|.

Closing the chambers 23 and 21 at their outer ends is a cover plate 32, and filling the outer the plates 32 to communicate with the chambers 23, and connecting said fittings with each other are pipes 38. Connected to one of said fittings is a supply pipe 39 communicating with a suitable source of feed steam and, if so desired, a conventional throttle, not shown, may be interposed Thus, as will be perceived, feed steam may be fed to the chambers 23 of all four of the cylinder heads 22 simultaneously.

Slidable upon each of the heads 22 to coact' as the relief of back pressure in the cylinder to which the head is attached.

Disposed in the sockets 26 and 3| to surroun'd'the valve stems 4'| and 43 are suitable the valve stems.

Each ofthe plates is provided witha pair of openings 49, and extending freely through said openings to abut the cylinder head are spacer pins 5|] carried by a spring-rest plate 5| to which is fixed a collar 52. As seen in Figure 9, the plates 5| are disposed at substantially a right angle to the plates 46 while, asseen in Figure 11, the collars 52 freely receive the valve stems 4| and 43 therethrough. Removably fixed to the outer end portions of the valve stems are spring-rest collars 53, and extending between said collars and the plates 5| to fit at their inner ends about the collars 52 are valve springs '54 normally holding the valves 49 and 42 closed.

For the sake of clarity, I shall continue the description in connection with a single head 22 of the cylinders 7 Fixed to the forward end of the'casing H) to house the outer ends of the valve stems 4| and 43 and associated 'parts carried by said head is,

as particularly seen in Figures 2, 5 and 6, a shroud 55 closedby a removable cover plate 56, and bolted within the shroud is a bearing bracket 57 having a removable cap \plate 58.

Fixed between the bracket and plate are'shaits 59and 60 respectively. The shaft 59 carries a rocker 6| which, as seen in detail in Figure '7, is

provided with aligned sleeves 62 fitting the shaft,

and connecting said sleeves with each other is a rearwardly extending lug 63 providing a notch 64 between the inner ends of the sleeves. Rising from the rocker at one side of said notch is an arm 65, the free end of which is disposed to enend. of the stem 4| of the steam 'ing from the sleeve 61 of the rocker 66 is an arm 69, the freeend of which is disposed to engage the outerend of the stem 43 of the water release valve 42. Cooperating with the lug 63 of the rocker 6| is a push rod 10, and cooperating with the lug 68 of the rocker'66 is a push rod H extending throu'gh the notch 64 of the rocker 6|.

The.i'cdsaresthusdisposedlimthesameiplanepar, allel to. the planes-of: oscillation of theilateralllfspaced: arms fifi andlilli of;therockers, hs willabe appreciated, thepush rodszare moyablemutwardly for actuating the rockers and openinmthe; valves 40'. and 52;.

' The variable. cut-ofi: mechanism employedlwill now. be described. IrnthiswonnectiomJeierence is particularly made; to. Figures. LA; I3; 14, I5; .16; l'7,,l8,.and 19'offthe drawings;

Formed. on the. crank; shaftl Watits; forward end a.hub 12, and extendingrfronr. saidhuh axiallyv of the shaft is aaspindle 18:. Fixedzto the end: plate M of: the crankcase: III. to... surround said hub: as. well as the? inner endpontioni of: the spindleiisza circular tappet-guide 14-: which; at thev planes of the. pairs of spa'oede-push: rods: 19: and H, is provided. with. pairs: on correspondingly spaced cylinders,.one cylinderroteach; painbeing indicated at 15 and the other cylinder of" each pair being. indicated. atflfi, thelatter cylinderxbeiing shorter. Thus, there are four of. the" cylinders l5, and a like number of: the cylinders l6. Slidable in the. cylinders l5zareztappetsr11 which receive the inner ends of-ithe' push rods in.

Fixed. tothe tappetzguide 1|? atzitsiforward end is a cylindrical gear housing: 18 closed. by a removable cover." P18156519; Asiperhapsbestseen' in Figure 4, this plate carries a. bearing 88 which journals the free.endzxof'thespindle:l8. Formed. on the rear wall ofthe housing'ltlsto surroundtthe: spindle l3 inrconcent'ric relation thereto. is anannular flange 8-I and aligningwith said flange; but of smaller diameter;.iszarnannulanflange.82 on the cover plate 19:; which; latter: flangemounts the bearing 88.

Associated with the: spindle 13: are five gears now to be describedfor advancing; on retarding; the cutoff. Freely rotatableeomthgsplndle: is a gear 83 having; an elongatedzhub: 84 to=which; is keyed a cam 85.having, as. seen-inFigureil l, ,for. instance, a lobe-86': disposed'ltosuccessively engage. the tappets l1 andopen. thesteamxvalves 40,..as will be well understood. Keyed/to the outer end portion of the spindle l3s'isadrive gear: 81,.

Two of the gears not yet described of: the: five mentioned above are mountedtoadjustably-swing about the gears 8.3 and'8'h and'forthispurposaa: cradle, as seeninFigurel l, is provided J ournaled upon theagear housing; IB'a-nd cover plate 19 abovethe spind1e 13= is aparalleLhand; shaft 88 to the outer endof; whichis fixedahandle 89, and rotatably mounted .,-upon the; flanges, 8! and 82 of said housing.andcover-plateare end' plates 98 connected with. each; other; at;v corre.- sponding ends thereof. by; across-shaft. 9 I" and at their opposite cor-responding; ends by a1 bolt 92 so that said end plates will I'Qcknil'l unison; Fixed to the hand shaft 88 are cranks 93,,andmounted upon the free ends oi-said-cranksis'a; cross v shaft. 94. Extending between-theshafts-9l and'a94 arelinks 95 connected with each other by;a:.cross== bolt 96. Thus, as will beappreciated;.asuthehandle 89 is swung either to;-right-1orrleft, .the cradle: will be correspondingly rocked abouttthe'spindle; 13 as a center;

Freely mountedupon. the: hand shaft- 88 between the cranks? 93A-isa:gea11 SFhmes-hingwith the gear 81. Freely mounteduponithe shaft 94-. issa: gear- 98 meshing. with'. the-gear1 91-, .andfreely.- mounted upon the shaft-9| .isa gear; 99.!neshing; with the gear. 98. and-.withvthe gear- 83;- Of. thefive cut-ofi gears 83 ,81; 9!, 98, and-:99rmentioned. above, the two-gears 98.and:99 are thus mounted to swing, the gear 98zbeingzadapted-to rollzaround the ge ar 911, the :gear 99 being, adapted. to. roll around the-gear.- 88 as; the: handle 89iis-rnclredr It now "to: be noted. that; while: the: engine; is in: operationaand the crank shaft. L6; is turning clockwise; for: instance. the; gear 88: will. turn. the gear 911' counter-clockwise,- which latter, in. turn; will rotatethe gear: 98 clockwise. The gear 98 will thus. rotate the gear. 9.9; counter-clockwise, which. latter, inv turn; will rotate the. gear: 83- clockwise. The cam 85 will thus be rotated clock.- wiseainitime withthe'crank shaftsothatthelobe 88; of: the: cam'v will be. caused to coact with. the tappets 1 1 for successively opening; the: steam VELLVBSAQ; as the pistons 20; areireciprocatedl Reference is now madesto thediagrams ofi'Figmes-2.4;, 25; and; 26 of. the drawings-,, and-itwill be assumed that: it is desired: to: vary the cut-off. whileithe'e crank shaft I6 is; turning;v clockwise; To. accomplish. this purpose, the handle. 89 is swung; from. neutral. upright. position as shown inFigure 24, toward the left, as seen: in Figure 25. As: the handle is.so.-sw.ung, thegear 98:will bercaused to roll downwardly around thegear 927. while the gear 99.- will: be: caused to roll down-- wardly around the gear. 83; Thus, even-though the-gear 98: is being rotated by the: gear 9 I; which latteninturn, is beingrotated by'the gear 8 as previously described; while th'e' gear83 is'also'being, rotatedbyxthe gear 99.; rolling of: the-gear 98 downwardly around the gear 9-! will impart a turning; movement-tactile gear. 98 independently of its.rotationbythergears871' and 91. As willlbe perceived, an. independent. counter-clockwise r0,- tation will-be imparted toith'ez gear 98; with the result that. the: gear 99 will be positioned.- clock wise: and:- the gear: 83. counter-clockwise. Counter-clockwisemovement. of; the gear 83'. will; of course, resultin a likemovement ofthecam85'; so that by; adjusting, the-v handle89, as specified; the lobe. 86- of the cam may be shifted-from the positionishowncinFigure'24 to the-position shown in Figure 25 to varythe cut-off as: desired-within the-range. provided:

To reverse. the engine; .the. handle 89: swung. from: neutralupright position; as seen in Figure zs, to; the.-right, as-seeniin' Figure 26. As v the handle is so swung, an independent clockwise-r0.-

when will beimpartedto the. gear 98, withlthe resultithat: the gear-99-wi1libe turned counter clockwise and thergear 83 clockwise. Thewcam 85 will thus be rotatably adjusted to shift the lobe' Bliw of the=camfrom the position; shown; in Eigure;24.to the position shown inFigure 26, not onlysto reversethe directioniof" rotation of the crank shaft IG-Jbut also,- .to vary theecut-oit as::de:- siredwithirr therange provided when the engine is operatingjin reverse;

Attentionris now directedlto-the fact thatewhen the=handlev89iis disposed in neutral upright-p0;-

sition; as: shown in Figure 24;. the" cut-ofi wilLbe so I early,- as to admit nearly; as-z'much feed: steam to. any one cylinder at one side'ofi top deadrcenter of thezpistonzin-xsaid cylinder; as ati the'other side. of top; dead center-off said piston. Under such setting: of the: handle; the. engine Willi therefore be caused to: stops. Thus; the:- variable icut'eoff. mechanism mayzbe. usedlas althrottle, although,- as? previously" stated; a. separate conventional throttle;- may be: employed, if? so. desired;

The water" release mechanism remains tobe described, and in this. connection: reference is particularly made tOiIFiEHIBS'lIZ, .3, .4; 20; 21, 22, and 23Fofthadrawings.

Slidablesi'nthe cylindersai'lfiioffthe tappetrguide 41.. seendnlhgure I',.are;-:tappets I905: flatz-at their inner ends and receiving the inner ends of the push rods 1 I, which latter are adapted toopen the water release valves 42,- as previously described. Fixed to the hub 12 of thecrank shaft I6 is a cam IOI having a front lobe I02 and a rearlobe I03. As shown in FiguresZO and'21,:the lobe -I02 extends nearly throughout one-half of the periphery of the cam while the lobe I03 extend nearly throughout the other half of said periphery.

Rotatabl mounted bythe tappet guide 14 to surround the cam IOI is an annular plunger support I04; and slidable radially in suitable slots in the front'face of saidsupport is a series of four equidistantly spaced front plungers I05. Slidable radially in like slots in the rear face of the support is a series of four equidistantly spaced rear plungers I06 like the plungers I05; As will be observed,'the plungers of the two series are arranged more or less close together to form pairs and are beveled at their ends. Further, as will be noted, the front plungers I05 ar disposed to coact at their inner ends with the lobe I 02 of the cam IOI while the rear plungers I 06 are disposed to coact at their inner ends with the lobe 103 of v the cam. However, as shown in Figure 22, both series of plungers are adapted to coact at their outer ends with the tappets I00.

Formed in the support I04 opposite the plungers I05 and I06 are lateral openings I01 at a right angle to which are radial sockets I08 oppositethe mouth of each of which is an aligned opening I 09 extending through the outer periphery of the support.- Installed in the sockets I08 through'the openings I09 are springs H0, and fixed through the plungers I05 and I06 are pins III cutaway at their inner end portions to provide semi-cylindrical lugs II2 freely received within the openings I01. These lugs are thus provided with flat inner faces engaged by the springs H0 and curved outer faces to coact with the walls of the openings I01 for limiting the plungers in their outward radial movement under theinfluence of said springs, sothat rattling of the plungers will be prevented while, at the same time, th inner ends of the plungers will normally be maintained slightly away from the lobes I02 and I03 of the cam I M. However, it is to be noted that those of the springs 54 which serve to normally hold the valves 42 closed are much stronger than the springs IIO so that 'any of the plungers not engaged at any time by the lobes of the cam will be depressed. Mounted upon the tappet guide 14 at its upper side, as seen in Figure 4, is a lever box- I I4 closed by a removable cover plate H5, and rising from the gear housing 18 opposite said box is an ear I I0. J ournaled through the front wall of the box and said ear is a hand shaft. M1 to the outer end of which is fixed a handle H8. Fixed through the ear H6 is a sleeve H9, and mounted by said sleeve is a spring-pressed ball detent I20 disposed to coact with the hub of the handle I I8 for yieldably locking th handle in neutral upright position, or when swung to either right or left;

Fitting in a socket in the plunger support I04, as seen in Figure 4, is a radiallever I2I secured by a pin I22 and, as *will be observed, a plug I23 is provided in the wall of the tappet guide 14 opposite said pin so that the pin may be removed. Fixed to the lever I2-I is a lever plate I24, and formed in said plate is a slot I25. Fixed to the inner end of the hand shaft II'I within the box I I4 is a head I26 to which is secured a plate I21, and fixed to said plate is a pin I28, the free inner end of which extends through the slot I inthe lever plateI"24-to-coact with said lever plate. Thus, as will be perceived, the handle II8 may be swung for rocking the lever I2I and rotatablysetting the plunger support I04 either to ther-ight-or-left. iii I I In Figure 20 of the drawings, I have shown the plungensupport IM in neutral position. In this position of saidsupport, the handle I I8 will stand upright, and one of the plungers I05 and oneof the plungers I06, or a pair of said plungers, will be disposedpas'shown in Figure 22, at opposite sides-of-each of the-tappets I00 respectively. As will be observed, whenthe plunger support is so set, only the innerz'adjacent corners of the outer ends..=of any-pair of plungers will be. disposed beneath any of the tappets, and since th outer ends of the plungers. are beveled, the lift of the lobes l02randil03vof the'cam IOI .will not be sufficient to unseatthe water release valves 42. Assuming now that it is desired to open the water release valves iwhilethe crank shaft I0 is turning clockwise, for instance, the handle H8 is swungto .theleft, when. the plunger support I04 will be rotated clockwise and set in the position shown. in Figure 21 of the drawings. As will benoted, when the plunger support is so set, the series of plungers I05 will be shifted into alignment with the tappets I00 so that the ridges between .the beveled faces at the outer ends of said plungers will be .disposed to coact with the inner ends of the tappets. Thus, as the lobe I02 of. the camrIOI: is. revolved beneath the inner ends of the plungers, the water release Valves will be opened, .when water mayescape from-the cylindersII through the passages 29 and 30 of the cylinder heads 22. I

If'the crank shaft I6is turning counter-clockwise-and it is desired to open the water release valves- 42; the handle II8 is swung to the right. The .plunger support I 04 will thus be rotatably set'in' a position'oppositeto. that shown in Figure 21, when the series of plungers I06 will be aligned withv the tappets I00. Accordingly, as the lobe I03=of= the cam IOI is revolved beneath the inner ends of said-plungers, the water release valves will be opened.

As will be appreciated from the foregoing, the plunger support I04 has three positions, namely, one for neutral, one to accommodate clockwise rotation of-the crank shaft I6, or forward position, and onev to accommodate counter-clockwise rotation of said shaft, or reverse position. In each of said three positions, th plunger support will be yieldably locked set by the ball detent I20 acting on the handle II8.

Aswill be appreciated; the water release valves 42 areusually opened when the engine is first started andthe parts are cold to result in the presence of water of condensation in the engine cylinders; However, in the present engine, an added fu'nction of the water release mechanism is to be:noted."-

A distinctive feature of the construction lies in the'fact that'the opening and closing "of the water 'releasevalves 42 is synchronized with the rotation of the crank shaft I6 and, therefore, also with the'movement of the pistons'20.

Explanatiommay'be rendered more clear by using a pair of diametrically disposed cylinders and pistons as an' example applicable to all in rotativeturn'; I shall' accordingly, for this purpose, referto" atop cylinder and piston, and to a' bottom 'cylinder 'and'piston, say as seen in Figure 24,- As the operation now to be described will-bethe same regardless of whether the crank zeta-982 shaft isturning clockwise -or counter-clock wise, no distinction in this resp'ect need'bemade.

'It will now be assumed that the engine is in operation and that the handle -H 8 is'swung-to render the water release mechanism operative. Therefore, when-feed-steam {is being fed to the top-cylinder and the piston "of the bottom cylinder is moving outwardly, as will be understood from *the-foregoing-description, the water release valve -42 of the bottom cylinder will be opened to relieve back pressure in the latter cylinder. Likewise, when feed steam is being 'fed to 'the bottom'cylinder-and th piston of the top *cylin der is moving outwardly, the water release valve 42 'of the top cylinder will be opened to relieve back pressure. Further, in both instancesjthe water release valve of either the top or bottom cylinder will be permitted to close beioreiee'd steam is next fed/to either cylinder.

Thus, under the instance taken, when the 1 left, as conditionsjmay demand, to relieve back pressure in the cylinders and .so'boost 'the torque effort of the engine in emergency. Having thus describedmyinvention, I claim:

1. A steam engine includinga cylinder a steam valve therefor, a crank shaft having a spindle,..a i

cam for opening. said valve and admitting "feed steam to said cylinder, a gear free on the spindle and carrying said-icam,.:a drive gear fixed to the spindle, an intermediate gear meshing with the drive gear, 'coacting gears meshing with each other as Well as one with the intermediate gear and the other with said free gear, said intermediate rand coacting gears forming a driving connection between the drive gear and :said free gear for driving the latter gear and rotating said cam, means swingingly mounting said coacting gears and adustably movable iorrollin said: coacting-gearsabout the intermediatezand ireegears respectively and rotatably setting said free gear and cam to vary the timing of the actuation of said valve, and means for adjustably swinging said first mentioned means.

2. A steam engine including a cylinder, a steam valve therefor, a crank shaft having a spindle,

a gear free on said spindle, a, cam carried by said gear for opening said valve and admitting feed steam to said cylinder, a drive gear fixed to the spindle, a cradle, a free gear carried by the cradle and meshing with said drive gear, other gears swingingly mounted by the cradle to mesh with each other as well as one with said free cradlegear and the other with said cam-carrying gear for rotating the latter gear and revolving said cam under the impetus of said drive gear, the cradle being swingingly adjustable for rolling said swinging gears around said free cradle-gear and said cam-carrying gear for rotatably adjusting said cam-carrying gear and setting said cam to vary the timing of the actuation of said valve and advance or retard the cut-off of feed steam thereby, and means for rockin said cradle.

3. A steam engine including a cylinder, a steam valve therefor, a crank shaft, 3 gear housing enclosing a portion of said shaft, a cam for opening said valve and admitting feed steam to said cylinder, a gear free on said portion of the shaft and mounting said cam, a drive gear fixed to said portion of the shaft, an intermediate gear meshing with the drive gear, coacting gears meshing with each other as well as one with said l d V intermediate gear and the other with said "free gear, said "intermediate and 'coactin'g gears iorm inga driving connection between the drive'gear and said free gear fordriv'ingth'e latter'gearand rotating said "cam, a pivotally adjustable cradle mounted to rock upon said housingand journal-1 ing said coacting gears, sai'd cra'dle being movable to roll sa'id'coacting gears "aboutsaid intermediate and free "gears respectively and 'rotat ablysettingsaid free gear and'cam to vary -the timing of the'actuation of said'valve, and means for adjusting said cradle. v n l 4. A'steam 'engineincludinga cylinder, a water releasevalvetherefor, a crank shaft,-means' operable by the crank shaft for intermittentlyopening said valve in time with'the rotation of said shaft, and manually controlled means operatively connected -withsaid first mentioned means and adjustable for-rendering "said first'mentioned means operative or inoperativeselectively. 1

5. A steam engine includin a" cylinder, ajwater release valve therefor, a'crank. shaft, a cam driven by the crankshaft, arotatably adjustable plunger support mounted adjacent to said cam, and'ja plunger carried by said support and movablefby the cam to open said valve, said: support being movable to one position rendering said plunger active and to another "position "ren er ng said plunger inactive. H

6, A steam engine including a cylinder, a water release valve'there'fer, a crankshaft, a camfdriven by the crank shaft, means includinga tappet operable to open said "valve, a rotatably adjustable plunger support mounted between said "tappetand cam, and a plunger carried by said support and movable'by the cam to actuate said tappet, said support being adjustable to dispose the plunger in active position in alignment with the tappet and to dispose the plunger in inactive position out of alignment with saidtappe't.

'7. A steam engine including. a cylinder, a water release valve therefor, acrarik shaft, means for reversing the direction of rotation of. said shaft, companion means one operablebythe crank shaft for intermittently opening said valve in time with clockwise rotation of said shaft and the other operable by the crank shaft for intermittently opening said valve in time with counter-clockwise rotation of said shaft, and means adjustable for rendering one of said companion means active and rendering the other of said companion means inactive and vice versa.

8. A steam engine including a, casing, a cylinder carried by the casing and provided with a water release valve, a crank shaft journaled on the casing and provided with a cam, a tappet guide carried by the casing, a tappet slidably mounted by said guide, means operable by the tappet for opening said valve, a rotatably adjustable plunger support mounted by said guide between said tappet and cam, and a plunger slidable upon said support and operable by said cam to actuate the tappet and open said valve, said support being movable to dispose the plunger in active position in alignment with said tappet and to dispose the plunger in inactive position out of alignment with said tappet.

9. A steam engine including a casing, a cylinder carried by the casing and provided with a water release valve, a crank shaft journaled on the casing and provided with a cam, a, tappet guide carried by the casing, a, tappet slidably mounted by said guide, means operable by the tappet for opening said valve, a rotatably adjustable plunger support mounted by said guide between said tappet and cam, a plunger slidable upon said support and operable by said cam to actuate the tappet and open said valve, said support being movable todispose the plunger in active position in alignment with said tappet and to dispose the plunger in inactive position out of alignment with said tappet, a lever carried by said support, a hand shaft, means mounting said hand shaft, an operative connection between said hand shaft and lever, and a handle carried by the hand shaft for rocking thehand shaft and adjusting said plunger support.

10. A steam engine including a cylinder, a water release valve therefor, a crank shaft having a cam, means including a tappet operable to open said valve, a rotatably adjustable plunger support mounted between said tappet and cam, means'for reversing the direction of rotation of the crank shaft, a pair of plungers slidable upon said support and selectively operable by saidcam to act on said tappet and open said valve, yieldable means normally holding each of said tappets away from a portion of said cam, and means for adjusting said support to disposeone of said plungers in active position in alignment with said tappet when the crank shaft is turning clockwise and to dispose the other of said plungers in activeposition in alignment with said tappet when the crank shaft is turning counter-clockwise. I

11. A steam engine including a cylinder, a stea valve therefor, a Water release valve therefor, variable cut-01f mechanism actuated by said shaft for opening the steam valve and admitting feed steam to said cylinder, said mechanism being adjustable for reversing the direction of rotation of said shaft, water release mechanism operable by said shaft and adjustable for intermittently opening said water release valve in time with the rotation of said shaft when turning clockwise as well as in time with the rotation of said shaft when turning counter-clockwise, and manually controlled means operatively connected with said water release mechanism and adjustable for ren dering said water release mechanism operative or inoperative selectively.

12. In a steam engine,a cylinder, a head therefor, laterally spaced steam and water release valves carried by said head, superposed rockers carried by the head and provided with laterally spaced arms movable to engage and open said valves, lugs carried by said rockers and disposed one above the other in the same plane, and means for actuating said rockers including push rods operatively coacting with said lugs and disposed in the same plane at substantially a right angle to the planes of oscillation of said arms.

13. In a steam engine, a cylinder, a head therefor having a socket, a valve carried by said head and provided with a stem extending through said socket, packing material disposed in said socket about the stem, studs projecting from the head, a follower plate slidably fitting over said studs and provided with a follower fitting in said socket to coact with said packing material, means adjustable upon said studs to coact with the plate for advancing said follower within the socket and tightening said material about the Valve stem, a spring-rest plate freely receiving the valve stem therethrough and provided with spacer pins extending freely through said follower plate to abut the cylinder head, a collar carried by the valve stem, and a spring disposed between said collar and spring-rest plate and normallyholding the valve closed.

CALVIN C. WILLIAMS.

REFERENCES CITED The followingreferences are of record in the fileof this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Mueller u", Sept. 19, 1933 

